Shi Potian chatting with purple sand: purple sand terminology

purple sand term

kettle body
- pot lid
  The technical standard of the lid: tight, straight, through, and turned. Tight: After closing the lid, the gap between the lid and the mouth of the pot should be appropriate, generally within 0.5 mm. Straight: The mouth should be straight and long enough to prevent the cover from falling off. Pass: The lid can be rotated relatively smoothly. Turn: Musculature pot and square pot can be docked properly after changing the angle. *But some flowers do not apply this standard*
  - Lid structure
    - Virtual film: The raised part of the lid is called virtual film or cover surface.
    - Zikou: The piece of mud that is pressed into the mouth of the pot under the lid is called Zikou or cover wall.
    - Kouyan: The mud at the mouth of the pot is called Kouyan.
  - cover style
    - Press lid: No matter the shape of the pot is round, the lid extension and the mouth extension echo up and down inside and out, and the pot lid covers the press pot mouth, which is the press lid. The lid is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the pot, commonly known as the sky.
      - Haigai
        The middle of the lid is lower than the spout.
      - virtual cover
        The middle of the cover protrudes
      - flat cover
        The entire cover is flat.
    - Cover: the cover is embedded in the mouth of the pot, commonly known as the earth covering the sky, such as the well-lane pot, the fish-shaped dragon and other pot types.
      - Virtual inlay cover: The cover surface is higher than the spout and is arc-shaped.
      - Flat cover: the cover and the spout are on the same plane, and the gap is extremely small.
    - Cut the lid: It is like cutting a small part of the upper end of the pot body on the curve or line to make the lid, and the incision left in the pot body makes the pot mouth. The lids made separately should not only match in size, but the outer contours of the two should also form a complete line. For example, "Qin Quan", "Pear Style", "Purpose Xi Shi", etc., the cover surface and the surface contour of the pot body kiss each other, and the bells are tightly closed, and the size of the pot lid and the pot mouth is suitable.
      - Cut the lid: the lid and the body of the pot together form a steep and tall tube. The lid of the pot should not only fit completely with the body of the pot, but also maintain the overall shape of the pot by itself. The edge of the lid is as sharp as a blade, and it is fired at high temperature, and the shrinkage is difficult to predict: if it is small, it will not fit with the spout; if it is large, it will crack the spout or prevent the lid from opening.
      - Inlaid and cut cover: the lid and the body of the pot together form a more rounded short cylinder. The lid of the pot should not only fit completely with the body of the pot, but also maintain the overall shape of the pot by itself. The edge of the lid is relatively solid, and the shape is similar to that of an inlaid lid, but the surface of the lid is not flat and not hollow, and it is in the same arc as the body of the pot.
    - Cover cover: After closing the cover, the cover edge is close to the outer edge of the neck of the pot.
- body
  - spherical
    The common ones are spherical, hemispherical, elliptical, and waisted.
  - square
    The common square pots are square, hexagonal, and octagonal, such as monk hat pots, furnace pots, brick square pots, etc.
  - barrel
    Common tong-shaped pots include Niugai Yangtong pots, Dezhong pots, Han tile pots, and stone scoop pots.
  - bowl fit
    The common ones are Hehuan pot, Hepan pot, Hedou pot and so on.
- Shoulder: The area below the neck of the kettle. Beauty shoulders and Yunjian Ruyi are both works with good expression on the shoulders of the pot.
- bottom of the pot
  - Flat bottom: Also called self bottom or truncated bottom. It is a piece of clay sealed at the bottom of the pot. The shape is simple, the technique is simple, and the placement of the teapot is also the most secure, but when firing, care must be taken not to deform or warp.
  - One bottom: also called the bottom of Luohan, it is the unique style of Zisha teapot, like a dimple formed by pressing down on the spherical surface, and the circumference of the socket is the foot of the pot.
  - Plus bottom: also called false bottom, there are two kinds of ring foot and dig foot. When making a billet, if a layer of mud is added to the bottom surface, and then digging out the middle to leave a peripheral ring as a foot, it is called a digging foot; if another ring is attached to the bottom of the pot as a foot, it is called a ring foot.
  - Nail feet: derived from bronze tripod feet. The shape of the nail feet, height, shortness, thickness and thinness, depends on the main body to be unified and coordinated. Generally, 3 nail feet are used for round utensils, and 4 nail feet are used for square utensils. The forms include short columns, inverted cones, ruyi, chess pieces, etc., all of which are glued to the bottom of the pot after completion.
  - Trapezoidal mortise foot: also called digging door, even angle foot. The bottom of each side of the square vessel is excavated to form a flat trapezoidal tenon foot.
    - Gate: The position of the mortise foot gap.
- pot handle
  - Handle: The handle of an ordinary purple clay pot is basically a handle.
  - Horizontal handle: pot handle. Such as Tang Yu pot.
  - Lifting the beam: For example, Dongpo lifts the beam, the curved pot, and the bi.
- jug flow
  Commonly known as the spout, it is the general term for the soup parts outside the body of the pot.
  - jug flow shape
    - a bend
    - Two bends
    - Three Gulf Streams
    - DC
    - duck bill flow
  - craft
    - Open connection: There is a clear boundary between the flow and the pot body.
    - Concealed connection: There is no obvious boundary between the flow and the kettle body, which is too natural.
  - Mouth
    - flat mouth
    - mouth
    - tongue and mouth
- pot button
  - ball knob
    Such as Xi Shi pot, antique pot
  - bridge button
    Such as stone scoop, cow cover pot
  - animal button
    like lion ball hanwa
  - Guatino
    such as eggplant pot
  - melon and fruit bud button
    Such as chrysanthemum bud pot, bergamot pot
  - stump button
    such as plum pot
  - integrated button
    Such as Liweng pot
- drainage
  The hole that communicates with the kettle body.
  - Single hole: a water outlet, usually also equipped with a metal filter.
  - Mesh: composed of multiple outlet holes, generally 7 holes, 9 holes
  - Ball hole: The ball hole is a splicing hole, and a semi-circular mud piece is added to the outside of the single hole, and the mud piece is composed of multiple water holes.
- bottom chapter
  - Bottom chapter: the seal at the bottom of the pot, sometimes handwritten, usually the name of the pot maker.
  - Inner wall seal: The seal on the inner wall of the pot, the inner wall seal is not standard for purple clay pots.
  - Pot cover seal: The pot cover generally has two chapters, one for the surname and one for the first name.
  - Pot handle chapter: The pot handle chapter is generally a small chapter, the author's surname.
- Nimen: Refers to the compactness of the distribution of particles on the surface of the Zisha pot. Zisha mud is fired into pots. From the surface of the pot, some mud particles are dense, and some mud particles are loosely distributed. In jargon, it is called "mud door tight" or "mud door loose".
- Air hole: The air hole on the pot button on the lid serves to supply air pressure to the Zisha pot.
- Mud strips: When the purple clay pot mud pieces are spliced into the pot body, in order to effectively splicing and blocking the gaps, the mud strips are usually added on the inside of the pot body at the position of the pot handle.
- engraving
  - Raw engraving: engraving on the raw embryo, there are wet engraving and dry engraving.
  - Cooked engraving: engraving on the fired purple clay pot.
  - Hand-engraved: hand-carved.
  - Machine Engraving: Machine engraving.
  - Sword method [similar to gold and stone carving method]
    - punching method
      - The method of holding the knife in the punching method can use three methods: five-finger, three-finger, and fist-clenching. In the process of moving the knife, pay attention to grasp the performance methods and requirements of the knife, the knife and the knife.
        
        Starting the knife: Use the corner of the knife to enter the stone from right to left, and the handle and the seal face are at a thirty-five-degree angle. If the angle is too small, the blade will rub the printed surface, and the fingers will easily touch the printed frame; if the angle is too large, the blade will be perpendicular to the printed surface, and it will be difficult to set the stone, and it will not be easy to run.
        
        Knife line: When the carving knife is running, it is necessary to control the depth of the corner into the stone. The knife should be kept stable, not too shallow. If the knife is too shallow, the knife trace will be slippery and weak; run. If you do not pay attention to hiding in the stone, you should lift it up to adjust the angle, and then run the knife. The speed of punching the knife should not be too fast or too violent, otherwise the lines will be broken and it will be difficult to close the knife. When running, use the ring finger to press the right side of the stone seal to control the moderate impulse of the carving knife and prevent the carving knife from slipping out.
        
        Closing the knife: Stop in moderation. Be confident, close the knife in time, don't let the tip of the knife exceed the limit, and show your sharp edge. At the same time, it is necessary to prevent the knife from rushing out of the limit due to excessive force, destroying other lines, and even injuring the left hand. The force must be steady, and the ability to release and withdraw in a timely manner, the action is strong, and the stop is to stop.
    - Knife method
      - The cutting method is the technique of carving lines on the imprinted stone with a knife edge in an undulating and carving manner. The method of holding the knife is also the same as the method of punching the knife, but the angle and direction are different. The cutting knife method starts by carving the right corner of the blade into the seal stone, at a forty-five-degree angle to the seal surface, and the knife handle is slightly inclined to the right to carve into the stone surface. This is repeated, forming lines with dots, and gradually completing the printed strokes. The method of cutting the knife requires that on the basis of the attention points, the handle of the knife is tilted to the left, so that the blade is gradually cut, so that the left corner of the blade is close to the imprinted stone. In this way, lines can be formed by incision and connection of dots. When cutting the knife, it is necessary to prevent the stippling arrangement of the cutting and carving from being too neatly connected, such as the shape of an abacus, which should be naturally scattered, so as to be subtle and old-fashioned, rich in gold and stone, and to avoid the disadvantages of zigzag. Ding Jing and Zhejiang style seal carving art works mainly use the cutting knife method.
    - Auxiliary knife method
      - 1. Buried knife method
        
        Also known as "Fu knife". Press the knife firmly into the stone and raise the knife; move the knife with composure without slipping and float; close the knife without revealing the hidden edge. Qing Xu Rong's "Said Zhuan" said: "The sword is buried, the edge of the pen is hidden but not exposed, and the sword is attached but not floating."
      - 2, astringent knife method
        Seal carving into the knife has the appearance of wanting to do it, which is called "astringent knife". When carrying the knife in this way, the carving knife breaks through the resistance of the seal surface and slowly struggles forward.
      - 3. Light knife method
        The knife is light, sharp and not dignified, but not shallow and light. Wu Rangzhi realized the wonderful mystery of this method, and thus obtained the shallow carving method with free rhythm and dexterity.
      - 4. Sword dance
        The knife dancing method can also be called the "bayonet method", which is to swing the carving knife to both sides and pierce hard and slowly when the punching method is not easy to overcome the resistance of the seal surface. The engraved stroke lines have thorns on both sides, so as to be out of nature.
      - 5. Flying knife method
        One of the auxiliary knife methods is to use the force of the knife quickly, and use the method of fast and decisive punching. The engraved lines are delightful.
      - 6. Overlap
        Also known as the flat knife method, overturning means upside down. The blade of the knife is lying on the surface of the seal, and then the knife is moved, and the fingers and wrists are pressed together, pressing down, pressing the knife into the stone, and carving out clear and neat lines.
      - 7, late knife method
        When engraving, the blade penetrates deeply into the stone and cannot advance quickly, which is called "late knife".
      - 8. Double knife method
        That is, the method of using the knife repeatedly. One knife at a time, and then another knife, until it fits.
      - 9. Reverse knife method
        When engraving, one knife goes and one knife comes, which is called "reverse knife".
      - 10. The knife method
        
        Seal carving into the knife has the appearance of wanting to do it, which is called "frustration of the knife". When carrying the knife in this way, the carving knife breaks through the resistance of the seal surface and slowly struggles forward.
      - 11. Shovel method
        It is used to flatten the residual stone chips at the bottom of the printed face, which is called "flat".
      - 12. Single knife method
        When engraving, each stroke is carved with a knife, which is called a single knife. Among them, there are the points of the front knife and the side knife.
      - 13. Double sword method
        When engraving, each stroke of the seal is carved with two knives, which is called a single knife. Among them, there are the points of the front knife and the side knife.
      - 14. Straight sword method
        Refers to the carving with the positive front of the blade entering the stone, which is like the front of the calligraphy.
      - 15. Side knife method
        
        Refers to the slanting of the blade into the stone and engraving, which is like the side-edge stroke of calligraphy.
      - 16. Positive Entry Method
        It is one of the methods of starting a knife and entering a stone, that is, one of the corners of the blade is directly facing the stone and the knife is thrown.
      - 17. Side entry method
        One of the methods of entering the knife, when the finger is engraved, the blade is slightly inclined, and one corner of the blade edge is inserted into the imprinted stone and the knife is raised.
      - 18. Double entry method
        That is, when the knife is raised, the two corners of the blade are simultaneously engraved into the imprinted stone and the knife is raised.
      - 19. Single entry method
        It is also a kind of method of starting a knife, that is, a corner of the blade is inserted into a stone and the knife is started.
      - 20. Make-up method
        
        After the engraving is completed, use this method to modify the printed surface. Ming Zhao Huanguang's "Guide to Seal Learning" said: "After printing, it is either fat in the middle and thin in the edge, long or short, vertical or up, left or right, and the decoration is symmetrical, which is called a supplementary knife." Its legal use Similar to the double knife, but there are differences.
pot material
- Raw meal: The raw ore produced by the purple sand ore from the mine.
- Raw sand: The mud is dried in the sun and then processed into a certain mesh of powder that has not been kiln fired, which is called raw sand.
- Cooked sand: The mud is sintered with sufficient fire and then processed into a certain mesh of powder, which is called cooked sand.
- Macaroni: The material that can be made directly into the pot is called macaroni.
- Category
  - A mud: Huangshi slabs buried deep in the ground.
  - Clay: The ore bed hidden under the yellowstone slab is also the main part of the purple sand mine.
  - Fat-filled: Benshan green mud ore with light cyan and smooth surface, sandwiched in purple sand ore.
  - Tender mud: The variegated clay dominated by gray, light yellow and yellow-red is called "tender mud", and the one close to the surface of the stratum is also called "yellow mud". The raw ore material is soft, tender and fine before weathering.
    - Pure tender mud is small red mud.
    - red mud
      - Zhaozhuang Zhu Ni
      - Small coal kiln red mud
      - Big red pouch
        The red mud with iron red powder added is called Dahongpao.
  - purple mud
    Purple mud is an interlayer of the mud ore layer. The original ore color is purple and purple, and after firing, it is purple, purple-black, and purple-brown.
    - Bottom slot cleaning
      - Bottom trough clear and bottom soap are the same thing.
      - It was first produced in Huanglongshan No. 4 Well, and later in Huanglongshan No. 5 Well and Taixi Mine.
      - Corns: mud impurities contained in the bottom trough clearing.
    - Clear cement: pure purple mud ore is directly stale and processed into mature mud.
    - Pear-skinned purple clay: Pear-skinned purple clay pots are recorded in the purple sand classics of Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China. In "Yangxian Teapot Series" and "Yangxian Famous Pottery Records", it is recorded: "Tianqing mud, out of Lishu, the pottery becomes dark liver color. And its clip (fat) has pear skin mud, pottery is frozen pear color." [The legendary azure mud]
    - Purple eggplant mud: a kind of purple mud, more purple than black and blue
    - Combination of purple mud: The combination of two or more mud materials is called purple.
  - Duan mud
    - Benshan Green Mud: Benshan Green Mud is a mixture of purple mud layer, the original ore is green, and the fired mud color is light yellow-green, slightly light green.
    - Mass mud: Mass mud is the raw ore material, and segment mud is the material after deployment.
      - Sesame segment: This mountain green mud is mixed with other mud materials, which can change many different mud colors and textures, commonly known as sesame segment.
    - downhill mud
  - Green mud of the Republic of China: This mountain green mud is made of cobalt oxide, which began in the Republic of China.
- raw ore
  - This mountain material
    Benshan refers to Huanglong Mountain, and the material from Huanglong Mountain is called Benshan material.
  - Outer mountain material
    The materials outside Huanglong Mountain are called "waishan materials".
  - Taiwanese food
    Taixi Mine material
  - Well No. 4
- Sand conditioning: Add sand to the mud.
- Fighting purple: the process of making mud with two or more kinds of minerals.
- Sand washing: Remove iron elements in purple sand mud.
- Mixing sand: When the mud block is tempered, adding raw meal is called mixing sand.
- Chemical materials: Add chemical raw materials to purple sand mud to meet the needs of various colors.
- Staleness: that is, the process of cultivating soil. It takes about 12 months or more to go stale.
- Weathering: The process by which ore is weathered into rubble.
- Mesh number: After the purple sand ore is ground into powder, it needs to be sieved, and the mesh size of the sieve determines the particle size. 60 mesh means that there are 60 meshes per inch.
- practice mud
  - The mud practice is divided into manual mud practice and mechanical vacuum mud practice. Manual mud practice is to place the stale mud on a mud bench, and repeatedly beat and squeeze it with a big mallet in a certain order until the section of the mud is bright after being slashed with a knife, indicating that the air has been basically eliminated. It is easy to generate bubbles after firing. There are also ways to practice mud by stepping on your feet, commonly known as "foot mud".
    - Advantages of manual mud training over mechanical mud training: Zisha has better water absorption and is easier to maintain.
pot art
- applique
  - Flat Die
    - Die-printing is divided into two types: printing plates and seals. Most of the stencils are made of wood, stone, pottery and other materials. Printing plate stenciling needs to engrave the decorative pattern on the printing plate first, then use the printing plate to imprint the pattern or text on the mud piece, and then stitch the mud piece into shape, which is mostly used for square utensil decoration; seal stencil printing first engraves the pattern on the seal Then, it is stamped on the handle, flow, shoulder, lid, and abdomen of the pot, and there are two forms of expression: raised inscriptions and recessed inscriptions.
  - openwork
    - This is a labor-intensive and time-consuming decoration technique. It has the visual beauty of exquisite and ingenious, and the virtual and the real. The craftsmanship is difficult and the yield is low. Therefore, this kind of decoration technique is rare. It can be divided into two forms: global and partial.
  - three-dimensional shaping
    - It is a common decorative method for purple sand to simulate various animals, plants or other things with hand-made or mold.
- Mud painting: Mud painting is done on the green body that has been formed and kept at a certain humidity, and the purple sand mud that is blended and soft is used to stack and paint on the green body of the purple sand teapot.
- Mud stacking: Mud stacking is a process of piling up thicker mud sticks on the surface of the vessel by hand.
- Sand laying: The purple sand laying process means that during the production process of the purple sand body, the sand grains of different mud colors are applied to the surface of the green body with a certain humidity by methods such as laying, spotting, and spreading. Then with the help of tools, the sand grains are embedded in the surface layer of the green body. Sand laying mainly plays the role of embellishment and decoration, so that the sand dots laid on the surface of the fired purple sand ware and the color of the tire form a sharp contrast effect. The quality of the sand-laying particles is generally required to be higher than or equal to that of the green body particles. If the quality is soft, it will cause the particles to tail during production and the phenomenon of incompatibility with the tire quality due to the large shrinkage of the particles after firing.
- Enamel: Enamel hanging glaze firing.
- open film
  - hanging glaze
  - Tire opening
  - Soak open tablets
make a pot
- Raw embryo: The finished product that has not been fired after the purple sand is made.
- Whole mouth: After the purple sand is fired out of the kiln, the pot lid and pot mouth are polished to achieve the work of tightly fitting the pot lid and pot mouth.
- Fat mud: the "adhesive" when the components of the purple clay pot (the handle, the spout, the body, and the stem, etc.) of the teapot are combined. completed.
- Quartz sand: When firing the purple clay pot, in order to prevent the lid and the mouth from burning together, the white powdery substance added in the middle is quartz sand.
- Ming Needle: It is carved with ox horn and gradually thinned from top to bottom, used for finishing the surface of the pot embryo.
pot quality
- Sand content: The content of quartz in purple sand mud.
- Explosion defect: Explosion defect, mud explosion (also known as bubbles), the mud material in this situation is generally the sand material with good purity, high hardness and slightly larger particles.
  - Generally, it occurs in 40 to 60 mesh hard sand mud. The main reason is the kiln burning method and the atmosphere in the kiln. If the temperature rise and fall in the kiln is too rapid, the large particles will burst due to the large temperature difference between the inside and outside, causing foaming or blistering. Explosive defects, although some materials are fine, but because the mineral material itself is slightly lower in texture, it will also occur when the temperature in the kiln is too fast or exceeds its own firing temperature.
- Fire defect: Fire defect refers to the defect formed by the direct contact of the flame on the surface of the product during firing, commonly known as "shooting fire". There are two main appearance characteristics: one is that the local color of the product is darker, which is slight and still has use value. Serious fire defects will cause the product to change color and produce a burr feeling, which becomes a waste product.
- Ash explosion: Because the limestone particles are sandwiched into the pure purple sand material, it turns into lime and swells at high temperature. Because the buffer force of the pure sand material is very small, it explodes, forming an ash explosion.
- Sand blasting: When processing mud, small pieces of limestone are mixed in, and after high temperature firing, it becomes lime, and when it encounters water, it explodes, commonly known as ash blasting, also known as blasting sand.
- Sand jumping: refers to the phenomenon that after the work is fired, the particles on the surface of the pot are lost (jump away), forming small pits. Sand jumping is the result of the complete carbonization of low-melting organic matter in the mud to completely disappear.
  Sand jumping is a common problem, usually only pure sand ore purple sand mud, or mud with a very high sand content. Zisha mud is rich in mineral elements such as iron oxide and quartz mica. When the pot is fired in the kiln, the whole shrinks. Some slightly larger particles burst due to the sudden change of temperature difference between the inside and outside, and the surrounding particles explode without buffering. This phenomenon can reduce the defect rate by controlling the rising and falling speed of the kiln temperature. It is also slightly different according to the type of mud, but most of the time, it is still impossible to prevent the occurrence of such problems, and it is inevitable for top experts to encounter such problems. Happening. Sand jumping is normal, especially for earlier mud, because it is caused by impurities in the mud. Due to technical limitations in the early mud, the filter was not as meticulous and clean as it is today, so the rate of such problems in old pots is relatively larger.
- Black spot: The black spot phenomenon is caused by the precipitation of iron when the purple sand is fired at high temperature.
- Wind glaze: The pot is made of clear cement and lump mud, and when it is fired out of the kiln, color spots will sometimes appear after seeing the wind. This color spot is called wind glaze.
- smear
  - The tail pattern on the surface of the pot is mostly red or purple. Zisha mud is composed of different particles, and these particles have different degrees of softness and hardness. When treated with open needles, some softer particles will be crushed, resulting in a tailing phenomenon.
  - Smearing phenomenon occurs widely on Duan mud pots.
- Pushing the wall and scraping the bottom: During the molding process of the purple sand teapot, the inner wall of the teapot is uneven. In order to make the surface smooth and flat, the craftsmen use tools to tidy up. This is "pushing the wall and scraping the bottom". The bottom of the wall is scraped, mainly to clean the residual mud particles at the bottom of the pot, so that the bottom of the pot looks more regular.
- Sun line: In the process of pushing the wall and scraping the bottom, most of the tools are made of bamboo.
pot type
- Light goods: generally designed according to the geometric plane of the pot.
- Flowers: Bionic purple clay pot.
- Square goods
  - Chamfering: It refers to the use of special tools such as skin knives, bright needles, etc. to tidy and lighten the sides of the pot body, so as to achieve a strong, well-proportioned, rounded beauty.
  - Cornering: It is mainly used for drawing grooves and chamfering at the right angles of the square utensils.
  - Tukui: It is a piece of virtual sticking clay on the vertical wall of the vessel, forming a convex surface with the original wall, with a strong three-dimensional sense and a strong perspective on the picture.
  - Concave Kui: It is a flat and concave block surface formed by printing with special tools, which creates a distance for people's vision, as if it is near and far, and the three-dimensional effect is very strong.
  - Xian Kui: This is to use mud line stems to paste the border lines on the vertical wall of the vessel to form the intersection of the virtual and the real, and the picture has a profound meaning.
- Muscles and capsules: All purple clay pots that are regularly shaped with curved surfaces can be classified as muscle-vesicles. In essence, they are flower goods with embossed and semicircular carving decorations, also known as ribbed wares, which are mostly shaped by abstraction, variation and folded edges of natural flowers and fruits. Such as Juju, sunflower, walnut, Linghua and other pots.
with a pot
- Opening the pot: The method used for the first time in the purple clay pot is called opening the pot.
- Coating: A layer of luster formed on the surface of the pot body after long-term use of purple sand.
- Chashan: The purple clay pot has good air permeability. The teapot is used for a long time, and the tea traces adsorbed in the pot are usually called Chashan.
- Cultivation of flowers: During the use of purple sand, due to improper use, the color of the pot body is not uniform.
- Monk Light: The floating light formed by the tea scale on the surface of the pot, that is, the light emitted by smearing oily substances on the surface of the pot.
  "Yangxian Teapot Series": "The pot has been in use for a long time, and it will be washed and cleaned every day. It will emit a dim light, which can be used for reference. This is an elegant offering in the study. Every time I see a good family, there are quite a few famous people in the collection, and they love the stains, rubbing their sleeves, afraid to wipe them off, saying: I treasure their old colors. I don’t know that Xizimeng is unclean, and it can be used as a Chen, or not! Injecting real tea, he is the goddess of Miaogu Sheshan, and it is wrong to set up the smoky ground."
- spit black
  - The iron ions in the tea gather in the mud to form the pigment.
- collocation [omitted]
  - pot towel
  - pot pen
  - pot rope
  - pot holder
  - bag
  - tea pet
pot worker
- All handmade: All handmade purple clay pots.
- Semi-manual: making purple clay teapots with the help of molds.
  - Mould: A plaster pot shape used as an embryo stopper.
  - Huff Line: The trace left after the mold is opened.
- Grouting: Use the method of grouting to make purple clay pots.
  - Glass water/water glass: Sodium silicate, commonly known as Paohua alkali, its aqueous solution commonly known as water glass, is a kind of mineral binder.
- Pulling embryos: Zisha teapots made by pulling embryos.
- Polishing: Use tools to polish the teapot to make the teapot shiny.
- Quick-cultivation: Use tea water to keep circulating the pot to achieve the effect of rapid cultivation.
- Waxing: In order to make the purple sand shiny, put a layer of wax on the pot to fake it.
- Distressed: In order to imitate antiques, the old purple clay teapot is deliberately aged.
pot maker
- job title
  - Folk artist: Author of purple sand without a professional title.
  - Craftsman:
  - assistant arts and crafts artist
  - arts and crafts artist
  - Senior Arts and Crafts Artist
  - Researcher-level senior arts and crafts artist
  - Chinese arts and crafts master
fired
- Firing temperature: The temperature at which the purple clay teapot can be fired to a practical state, that is, the temperature at which the teapot can be fired, is a temperature range.
  - Underfire: not reaching firing temperature
  - Overfire: Above the firing temperature
- Firewood: A purple clay pot made of wood.
- Electric kiln: electric furnace, closed inside, which uses electrical energy to convert heat energy for firing.
- Push-plate kiln: Because the temperature-resistant plate where the saggar is placed is pushed by a hydraulic press, hence the name.
- dragon kiln
  It is the only ancient Ming Dynasty kiln preserved in Yixing, known as Qianshu Dragon Kiln.
- reduction burn
  - The reason why purple sand is red is because it is rich in iron ions, so when firing, only the surface of the pot can be in contact with the air, so the oxidation reaction will occur, and the iron will be oxidized to ferric oxide, showing red. The inner layer of the pot is inaccessible to oxygen, and the iron-containing components inside can only be reduced to black iron during the firing process, so it becomes gray-black. The principle of reduction firing is like this. When the temperature in the kiln reaches a certain level, the oxygen in the kiln is reduced to make it artificially become an oxygen-deficient firing environment, and the remaining small amount of oxygen will continue to burn and be consumed. Since a large amount of carbon ash is produced during the firewood burning process, the oxidation reaction cannot be produced in the local environment to form a reducing atmosphere, and the local firing temperature difference and the pressure difference in the kiln are caused in the direct contact between the green body and the firewood and the flame. In this mixed atmosphere In the next step, the green body is completely reduced, and the iron trioxide in the green body is reduced to iron tetroxide.
- Covering the ash: Put the purple clay pot into a saggar, seal it with rice bran (now mostly charcoal powder), and fire it at the dragon position of the dragon kiln, or in a low temperature and anoxic state below 1000 degrees. When firing, the temperature rises slowly, the grain bran is ignited but lacks enough oxygen to be fully burned, and the carbon molecules in the grain bran are sucked into the pot and react with the iron element in the Zisha teapot to reduce the high-valent iron ions to low levels. price status. Because ferrous oxide is black, the gray-covered works are dark-black.
- Kiln change: During the firing process, the uncertain natural change of the surface color due to the change of the temperature in the kiln.
- Test piece: Trial firing in order to reach the optimum firing temperature of Zisha.
- Internal cracks: Cracks are caused in the pot due to uneven temperature.
- Kiln crack: There are cracks after leaving the kiln, and the firing fails.
market
- OEM: Find someone else to make the pot and knock your own chapter.
- Factory Kettle: Kettles produced in batches by factories.
- Reflow pot: Zisha pot from Hong Kong, Taiwan and other places.

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Shi Potian chatting with purple sand: purple sand terminology

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